Blood clots: signs of DVT and pulmonary embolism
In short: a blood clot in a deep vein, usually in the leg, is called deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Part of it can break off and travel to the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism (PE), which can be deadly. If you suddenly have trouble breathing or chest pain, call 911 or your local emergency number.
Signs of a clot in the leg or arm (DVT)
DVT usually affects one leg or arm. Signs include:
- Swelling
- Pain or tenderness
- Warmth
- Red or discolored skin
About half of people with DVT have no symptoms at all. If you notice these signs, see a doctor as soon as possible. Only a doctor can tell whether you have a clot, using special tests.
Signs of a clot in the lungs (PE)
- Trouble breathing
- A fast or uneven heartbeat
- Chest pain that often gets worse when you breathe in deeply or cough
- Coughing, sometimes with blood
- Feeling light-headed or fainting
A PE can happen without any signs of DVT first.
Get emergency help straight away: call 911 or your local emergency number if you have signs of a clot in the lungs.
Who is most at risk
- People who have recently had surgery, an injury or a stay in hospital
- People who can't move around much, for example on bed rest or on a long trip
- Older adults, and people with a family history of clots
- People with some long-term illnesses, such as cancer
- People with higher estrogen levels, for example during pregnancy or from some birth control or hormone medicines
- Anyone who has had a clot before
Lowering your risk
- Get moving again as soon as you can after surgery, an illness or an injury.
- On trips of more than 4 hours, get up and walk around every 1 to 2 hours if you can, and wear loose clothes.
- When you can't get up, exercise your legs in your seat: raise and lower your heels and toes, and tighten and relax your leg muscles.
- Stay active and keep to a healthy weight.
- If you're at higher risk, ask your doctor whether compression stockings or medicine would help you.